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Flash drives have had a long-lasting relationship with Linux distributions. These portable storage devices are among the most reliable for out of the box hardware support on the Linux desktop. Clearly, using flash drives to run Linux has its benefits for various types of users.
As luck would have it, I was told of a company that is apparently running individual installations of Linux on flash drives for each of their employees. Apparently cost was a major motivation, but so was the need to VPN into the office from home without needing to configure a separate piece of software for each person.
It seems there’s something inherently valuable about being able to take your “computing profile” with you, even when you’re away from work.
Taking your user profile with you
Completely independent of any one single workstation or using a thin client box at work, the end-user is free to hop from computer to computer as they see fit. Any needed network settings, secure access to company servers, etc, is made possible due to the network settings stored on the flash drive. So there’s no need to worry about consistent settings being mismanaged as one person logs off and another logs on. Differing user permissions travel with each user.
Best of all, critical data that isn’t allowed to be accessed from outside of the workplace can be restricted via network policies. So there’s less of a security hassle by using a flash drive over a company laptop.
For less security-conscious situations, one could VPN into their workplace and then send whatever they’re working on directly to their email account. This would allow the end-user to work on the document in question, locally. Which means if the network suddenly died, no harm is done.
Best of all, you get to choose which computer you use, rather than working from a clunky company-assigned unit.
Because everything that is needed for company work is handled by the flash drive, this allows the end-user to have the freedom to run the computer of their choosing. An even better option would be a company payed “hardware allowance” to apply toward a notebook purchase. This would go a long way towards ensuring that the laptop being used is one that is best suited for the user in question.
A company compatible flash drive policy allows the typical employee freedom from being shackled to specific company hardware. It’s a really helpful approach to handling the annoyance that happens when things get lost, as well.
One other item to consider is the benefits of keeping things green. Instead of dropping money for new hardware, a company using flash drives would be able to use existing workstations even longer. This means company revenue stays with the company, instead of being shelled out for redundant workstations through the office.
Lost flash drives with security in place
While I can’t speak for every workplace out there, I’ve found that, yes, it’s generally frowned upon to lose a company-issued notebook. Even though you may have had a password protecting your data on the operating system, chances are pretty good your stored data is still at risk of theft. It doesn’t take a genius to remove the hard drive and see what can be recovered from it.
On the flip side, the potential for data loss is brought way down by using a flash drive policy. Obviously, this provides some allowances for the user being bright enough not to leave the drive plugged into the computer when it’s not in use. Unfortunately, despite these obvious benefits, this might not be a match for all businesses out there.
Argument against using a flash drive
There will be circumstances where a standard thin client is going to be more functional for a company’s needs. Examples might include where company policy dictates that flash drives are banned for security reasons. Another possibility is that a flash drive is used to handle authentication only, so using one as a desktop OS wouldn’t fit into a company’s needs.
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Secret To Desktop Linux Adoption
Every few months, new articles roll out proclaiming “this year” to be the year of the Linux Desktop. A wide selection of reasons are cited, explanations given, and various acts of patting we Linux users on the backs takes place.
I’d be first to admit that it’s worth celebrating each time something is made more secure or easier. But we’re still a long ways off from the average person trying out any Linux distributions on their own.
In this article, I’ll discuss an untapped resource that can be used to get desktop Linux into the homes of casual users and finally jump start Linux adoption outside schools, governments and geek circles.
Promoting Linux distributions online is only half the battle. Desktop friendly distributions need to be promoted locally and in person. This means we need boots on the ground providing demonstrations, setup assistance and yes, some hands on help when it’s needed.
After a lot of soul searching, I firmly believe that the best person to make the Linux introduction is the typical PC repair tech. I personally know a number of techs who actively use Linux and should be promoting it within their own customer bases. Sadly, only a few of them do. Their reasons vary, but generally they circle around the idea that they’re just giving their clients what they want.
Not supporting Linux frankly hurts the bottom line for these repair techs. The fact is, the “Windows world” is shrinking fast thanks to mobile devices and OS X. There is no reason why Linux on the desktop could not also play a big part of that.
If a PC repair tech finds they have the same client coming back with the same malware issues over and over, doesn’t it make sense to suggest an alternative solution? Unfortunately this isn’t happening and no one is telling that user that Windows isn’t the best platform for them.
This is where the Linux desktop comes in. Imagine presenting an operating system that is seemingly “immune” to common malware threats! For clients who rely heavily on their web browser, Linux can make a lot of sense. There is also the ability to earn a reliable source of income from these clients as well. This includes updates and basic troubleshooting issues, most of which can be done easily using remote software such as Splashtop.
It’s fairly obvious what the end user gets out of using Linux over Windows. But what about the techs? What’s in it for them? In a word – relevance. I subscribe to a number of mailing lists for computer techs. The one thing I’ve found over the past few years is that the enterprise clients are harder to come by and home-based clients are not as prevalent as they once were.
Offering these home-based clients a reason to keep their existing computer means this frees up money for other things in their family. It also means this family has money to spend on a tech’s PC maintenance offering. This offering can range from running updates, managing backups, or even handling networking issues. Additionally, this could even open the door for other opportunities like tutoring.
So if the argument made by PC techs remains that switching their clients to Linux costs them revenue, I’d point out that this is already happening. By adding the option to provide Linux on the desktop as a solution, the tech actually provides additional value that might not be found elsewhere.
Imagine being the person who “makes computers virus proof” using existing PC hardware. I’ve done this before and let me tell you, if done right, you come away looking like a rock star.
Assuming techs were to “get it” and realize the importance of diversifying their available options among their home user clients, what is the next step? Honestly, it’s at this point we’d begin to see a natural ground swell that benefits both involved PC techs and Linux adoption on the home front. The techs begin to see new referrals as they’re “the person that makes Windows headaches disappear.” This means the Linux desktop would begin to become less of a “geeky” thing that only the most hardcore among us are using on a daily basis.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
Introduction to Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
Red Hat Enterprise Linux server is an operating system that can be easy to understand, and simple to manage and it can be implemented on the self-support system in the cloud or as a guest. It can organize the hardware assets for all the fundamental pre-requisite and also it can manage all the main hardware platforms and large numbers of trading and conventional applications. It has been released in a server version for x86-64 and the Fedora Linux server serves as the upstream origin. It is an open-source operating system wrapped with software tools and services that have been outlined for corporate and career utilization.
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Key Takeaways
It provides enhanced stability over hybrid and public clouds.
The edge management capability of it can carry the services which give users the capability to observe and scute the remote deployment.
The RHEL 9 security release of it can have protection over the hardware level security.
What is Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server?The Red Hat Enterprise is indicated as an open-source Linux operating system having software tools and services outlined for customer use. The Enterprise Linux dispersal has been constructed for corporate users which can take care of purchases, updates, and also applied support. Enterprise Linux can move business-critical applications that can order security, high accessibility, geo commemoration, live repair, and complete system return. The heavy work, like enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, and large data interpretation can previously be managed by the huge exclusive.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server ValueGiven below are the red hat enterprise linux server value:
1. Knowledge Values
Reference Architectures: It can browse comprehensive technical studies reporting solutions that were constructed, tested, and standard which can make sure that we can be able to execute steadily from the inception.
Documentation: This can help to search product documentation to assess, install, and support Red Hat products in assisted settings and configuration.
2. Support
Manage Support Cases: It can generate, route, and control your support-case activity.
Remote Support: It helps to ask for a remote session for assisting in diagnosing technical issues.
3. Security
Security Updates: In the case of security, it can observe security affix for Red Hat-managed products and services.
Security Tools: It helps to carefully recognize security issues with Red Hat-engineered applications.
4. Assurance
Certified Hardware: It gives value to the uncovered metals, appliances, and much other hardware from the Red Hat partner which is certified by Red Hat technologies.
Certified Software: It also provides value to the OpenShift operators, stored products, and also the traditional software which is certified for running on the Red Hat platform.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server DownloadLet us see how to download the Red Hat Enterprise Linux8 for free of cost using the Red Hat Developer Program.
It authorizes individual-developer use of RHEL for integration, test, and production environments but will need the paid subscription.
2. Then update the account by selecting the appropriate option.
Where “/dev/sdX” is the device name of our USB drive, and it can be get by running the command ‘sudo parted -1’.
4. If we are using Windows, then we can able to generate a bootable USB with the help of ‘Rufus’.
5. But if we want to install RHEL 8 in VirtualBox then we do not need to generate the bootable USB drive.
Buy
Red Hat Linux Server: This is easy to administer and simple for controlling the operating system that has been situated on the physical system. The starting price of it is US$349.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacentres: It provides limitless access to a heavy virtual environment on supported hypervisors. Starting price of it is US$2,499.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation: It provides improved high-performance graphics and animation. It can have all the potential and applications from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux desktop. Starting price of it is US$179.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Suite: It is a self-supported Linux dispersal having all Red Hat Enterprise add-ons at starting price of US$99.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Workstation: It has all the features similar to the Linux Developer suite with starting price of US$299.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Support: This can provide an unlimited number of events at starting price of US$5,000.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux IBM Power Little Endian: It extensively uses Linux dispersal which can put together POWER8 and IBM power systems, starting at US$269.
Subscription Guide
Red Hat application services products and the span of interest can have every product subscription.
Red Hat policies allow heavy distribution of subscriptions over all the premises, private cloud, and public cloud environments.
It also guides how to determine the number of claims which is needful against any customer life cycle at any location.
Use cases of implementing the Red Hat Application services over the public cloud and support.
Benefits
Open-source Enterprise Software: It gives access to the newest enterprise-ready Linux transformation which is constructed from a managed supply chain of open-source software having constant transportation of patches and improve at freely.
Security Resources: This can trust the committed team of engineers who detect, recognize, and carefully inform customer risk. It improves the susceptibility by generating, testing, and distributing security spots to all versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux in its managed life cycle.
ConclusionIn this article, we conclude that the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server is an open-source operating system that can have the software tools and also the services outlined for corporate, and business uses, we have also seen its value, how to download, how to buy subscription guide benefits and key takeaways.
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server. Here we discuss the introduction, red hat enterprise linux server value, download, and subscription guide. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
What If Microsoft Ignored Linux?
Let’s be clear, Linux really isn’t the most lucrative platform on the market. It goes on the least expensive hardware, and much of what goes into it appears subsidized by other revenue streams. The marketing, such that it is, appears largely voluntary. The organizations that sit at the center, like the Linux Foundation , seem constantly underfunded or in the process of downsizing or changing leadership in preparation for downsizing.
Governments seem to like it a lot, probably because they see a lot of similarity in the OSS structure to their own, where progress is hardly a priority and often seems more like something to be avoided. The question of when the next major Linux release will occur is perennial. And in an environment where the next major license can’t even be decided on, the concept of a major OS release is virtually impossible to accomplish.
Linux is, in effect, cheap UNIX and much like the guy who has a cup out asking for donations lives on the generosity of others like HP and IBM. But Oracle recently demonstrated that this generosity may result in some unintended consequences if the “generous” company suddenly realizes they can take the corner and the cup any time they want.
There is no FUD in this. Linux isn’t changing much and there is no risk of Linux going away, so there is no Uncertainty. And nothing I’ve said should create Fear unless you’re trying to actually make money on Linux, and in that case I’m not telling you anything you don’t already know. And I haven’t introduced any Doubt – you either know this to be true or don’t get out much.
I only set this up to say that Microsoft clearly wanted to beat Linux and with vastly more resources and supposedly more experience pretty much got its butt kicked up and down the court. This is kind of like a top tennis player going against an eight-year-old and losing badly.
So now let’s introduce some FUD and ask the question: What would happen if Microsoft got its act together and came up with an effective anti-Linux strategy instead of the pro-Linux strategy they now have?
What, you think Microsoft has always had an anti-Linux strategy? Look at the results: virtually every time Microsoft attacks Linux it ends up stronger and more entrenched than before Microsoft took action.
Microsoft’s Error
The mistake I constantly see Microsoft making with Linux is the same mistake I’ve seen Microsoft competitors make when competing with Microsoft: focusing on the competition and not the customer.
This mistake is even a bigger problem with Linux because it isn’t a product from a company; not really, it’s seen as a collaborative offering created by the customers themselves. When you attack it, as SCO found out painfully, you end up attacking the very people you may want to sign the check for the stuff you sell – and that isn’t particularly smart.
So, what does the customer currently using Linux want? They want a good value, they want control of their own shop, they want to trust what they get and who is providing it, and they want to participate in decisions that affect them. They currently see Microsoft as too expensive, forcing them to upgrade or pay for products they don’t yet feel they need. Partially as a result, they don’t trust the company, and they feel that Microsoft doesn’t listen to them when they complain.
For Microsoft to attack Linux doesn’t fix these kinds of impressions. Because the attack is focused on IT’s own fix, it is often seen as an attack on them. And the Linux community, made up to a large extent by IT types, moves to defend the platform.
Next Page: Imagining a Successful Microsoft Linux Strategy
Missing Linux Components: Possible Fixes
In many ways, the Linux desktop is as close as I can get to the perfect computing experience. Don’t misunderstand, there are missing components that affect me on a daily basis. But for the most part it’s as good as I can make it.
This article will address a negative aspect of something that usually provides me with a great deal of satisfaction – Linux. Despite my preference for the platform, today’s distros are by no means perfect.
I wish I had a dollar for every time I found a cool piece of Linux software only to discover that it’s no longer available in the software repositories. Luckily I’ve become more careful about relying on any one application to get a job done. But it’s frustrating when you find an application you love, only to see it abandoned a few months later.
Fixing the issue: The approach I take is to embrace the underpinnings of the software itself. So if the application uses something that can be done from the command line, that’s usually my go-to work-around. Completely unacceptable for casual users, but for Linux enthusiasts who are comfortable with the command line it’s better than nothing at all. This issue is worst with proprietary software. For example: it was only recently that Microsoft decided to revisit Skype again to slowly roll out way overdue updates. In the meantime, I’ve stopped using the software whenever possible.
From a security point of view, software updates are usually a good thing. But there are occasions where a software update messes up existing functionality, like kernel updates breaking wireless or video card compatibility. The former may be more common than the latter, but both can be frustrating.
Some distros have taken to a “number” system to let the user know how likely an update is to break their system. Obviously this is a terrible idea as it merely side steps the issue rather than addressing the bug head on.
Another occasion when software versions can cause a pain point is when you need a newer release of your existing distribution. Now I’ll be the first to acknowledge that Snap packages and Flatpak will possibly help when running newer software on older Linux distros. Ideally, both options will provide users with a means of no dependency headaches.
Yes, dependencies are very much still a “thing” with Linux in 2023 – let’s not pretend otherwise. If you disagree, grab a deb package of software for 16.04 and install it on 14.04 and let me know how that works for ya?
Fixing the issue: I see two approaches yielding some success here. While there is little we can do about abandoned software (outside of forking it), new ways of handling packages will likely yield the best results. Other distros will stick to what is already working for them by offering bleeding edge updates as they’re available. For those who want a non-bleeding edge base, however, I think Snap packages and Flatpak will be among the most common solutions for popular Linux distros.
What’s the single biggest headache when you update to the latest GNOME desktop or Cinnamon desktop release? Simple, many of the extensions available for installation will no longer work for you. That’s not an opinion, that’s a demonstrable fact.
The root cause isn’t the GNOME or Cinnamon development teams. No, it’s the fact that extensions for certain desktops appear to be heavily reliant on the version of the desktop you’re using. This is part of what sent me away from GNOME back to MATE for a time. I needed to know that when I add a function to my desktop that it’s going to work, even after upgrading.
Another issue is the lack of consistency with many Linux applications. To be fair, KDE software, distros such as Elementary and Solus all try to provide some user interface consistency. And each approach, while different, does do its part to help. KDE apps for example, tend to follow a certain flow in their layout. Same with Elementary-specific apps. Solus and Elementary both do this with their overall distro design.
Sadly these attempts don’t bleed over to other desktop environments, distributions and software. So even when we have a great looking distro/desktop environment, odds are the software provided is going to be a mix of Qt and GTK in nature. Folks, let me be clear – there is little as ugly in life is a GTK app in KDE or a Qt app in GNOME. Okay, Windows 10 UI duplication is a close second. After all, the control center only needs one interface.
Fixing the issue: For myself personally, using distributions like Solus and Elementary are good places to start. Even though it’s beyond their scope to make Qt apps look awesome in a GTK space, at least both teams are working hard to make the Linux desktop more consistent and usable.
It pains me that we can’t seem to get any consistency on the firewall front. The closest firewall consistency is that you can teach yourself iptables and hope you don’t accidentally block critical ports during your learning phase.
Fixing the issue: Either provide Gufw by default, or offer users FirewallD with firewall-config. Both provide network zones whereas last time I looked, ufw from the terminal does not. To desktop users, the inclusion of zones might seem trivial. However for traveling notebook users, it’s a nice feature to have.
It’s 2023 and most distributions (including newbie friendly ones) require you to create the samba user from a command line. Yes, there are GUI’s that can assist with that…if you know what to look for. However out of the box, Linux distros targeting casual users generally miss the mark here.
Fixing the issue: When someone uses nautilus-share (or similar), prompt for them to add a Samba compatible user to the mix. This way security isn’t compromised by just giving blind root to an action, but it’s also not a mystery to a regular person why Samba isn’t working correctly. Not a big deal for most of us, but it’s a huge deal to someone who just wants to get to their files without the lesson in Linux IT.
For some of the stuff mentioned above, it’s simply a matter of putting an emphasis on their availability. So even if constancy continues to take a back seat for the time being, at least people can run their desktops without spending half their day learning Linux 101.
To those of you who are die-hard and still don’t get it – new users are our future. And many of them aren’t pursuing a career in Linux IT. So instead of taking the usual approach of “not my problem,” instead, let’s address this stuff.
I try to do my part by providing walk-throughs. Distro maintainers can do theirs by really examining whether or not their distro is targeting the newcomer. What say you? Do you think that Linux is already too simple? Perhaps instead, getting our families to learn iptables and edit confs is about to become all the rage in 2023? Hit the Comments, share your thoughts.
Understanding Time Command In Linux
As a Linux user, you must have come across time command. It is a simple yet powerful command that allows you to measure execution time of a process. Whether you are a developer, system administrator, or just a curious user, understanding how time command works is essential for optimizing your workflow and identifying bottlenecks in your system. In this article, we will dive deep into time command in Linux and explore its various use cases.
What is time command?The time command is a Linux utility that measures time it takes for a given command to execute. command accepts a single argument, which is command you want to measure. output of time command includes following information −
Real time − actual elapsed time, including time spent waiting for I/O and other processes.
User time − amount of CPU time spent in user-mode code.
System time − amount of CPU time spent in kernel-mode code.
The time command is available on all major Linux distributions, including Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, and Fedora.
Using time commandTo use time command, simply type “time” followed by command you want to measure. For example, to measure execution time of “ls” command, you would run −
time lsThe output will look something like this −
real 0m0.003s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.003sHere, real time is 0.003 seconds, user time is 0.000 seconds, and system time is 0.003 seconds. real time is most important metric since it includes all time spent waiting for I/O and other processes. user and system times are also useful for identifying performance bottlenecks, but they are less important than real time.
The time command also works with complex commands that include pipes, redirection, and other shell features. For example, you can measure execution time of a pipeline that includes “grep” and “wc” commands like this −
The output will look something like this −
1584 real 0m0.013s user 0m0.010s sys 0m0.007sHere, pipeline returns number of lines in syslog file that contain word “error”, and time command measures execution time of entire pipeline. Note that output of pipeline itself is not included in output of time command.
Options for time commandThe time command also supports several options that allow you to customize its behavior. Here are some of most useful options −
-f format − This option allows you to specify a custom output format for time command. format string should include one or more conversion specifiers, such as %E for elapsed time, %U for user time, and %S for system time. For example, to display real time and CPU time in seconds, you can run −
time -f "%E real, %U user, %S sys" lsThe output will look like this −
0:00.00 real, 0.00 user, 0.00 sys
-o file − This option allows you to redirect output of time command to a file instead of standard output. For example, to save output of time command to a file called “output.txt”, you can run −
time -o chúng tôi ls
-p − This option is used to format output for use in scripts or other programs. It prints real, user, and system times in seconds, separated by a space.
time -p lsThe output will look something like this −
real 0.003 user 0.000 sys 0.003
-v − This option allows you to save output of time command to a shell variable instead of printing it to standard output. For example, to save real time of “ls” command to a variable called “elapsed_time”, you can run −
The output will look something like this −
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.00
-a − This option allows you to display additional information about process being timed. This includes exit status of process, maximum resident set size (RSS), and number of voluntary and involuntary context switches. For example, to display this additional information for “ls” command, you can run −
time -a lsThe output will look something like this −
real 0m0.003s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.003s exit 0 voluntary_ctxt_switches 0 involuntary_ctxt_switches 1 Additional Use Cases for time CommandApart from measuring execution time of a single command, time command can also be used to measure performance of a system or a script.
Measuring System PerformanceYou can use time command to measure overall performance of a system by running a command that stresses system’s resources. For example, you can use dd command to read or write large amounts of data from or to a disk.
time dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1000 Measuring Script PerformanceYou can use time command to measure performance of a script by running it with time command. For example, suppose you have a Python script called “myscript.py” that performs a complex computation. You can measure execution time of script like this −
time python myscript.pyThe output of command includes real time, user time, and system time taken to execute script.
Measuring Performance of a LoopYou can use time command to measure performance of a loop in a script by enclosing loop in curly braces and prefixing it with time command. For example, suppose you have a bash script that contains a loop that performs a complex computation. You can measure execution time of loop like this −
time { for i in {1..10000}; do # complex computation done }The output of command includes real time, user time, and system time taken to execute loop.
ConclusionThe time command is a versatile and useful tool for measuring execution time of commands in Linux. Whether you are debugging a slow script, optimizing a database query, or just curious about how long a command takes to run, time command can provide valuable insights into your system’s performance. By mastering time command and its various options, you can become a more efficient and effective Linux user or system administrator.
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