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Kubernetes AnnotationsWeb development, programming languages, Software testing & others
How does Annotation Work in Kubernetes?Annotations have key/value pairs same as labels. Annotation key consists of two parts, a prefix which is optional, and a name. These two parts are separated by a slash ‘/’. The name part is mandatory and it is not longer than 63 characters. It starts and ends with alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]) with dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumeric in between. The prefix is optional however if specified it must be a DNS subdomain and length must be 253 characters or less and ends with a slash (/) If automated system components such as kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, kube-apiserver, kubectl or any other third party automation) add annotations to the end-user Kubernetes objects, it must specify a prefix. There are two reserved prefixes ‘kubernetes.io/’ and ‘k8s.io/’ for Kubernetes core components.
We use the “annotations” keyword to add an annotation to the object. Annotations are also key/value pairs like labels as shown below:
"metadata": { "annotations": { "key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2", "key3" :"value3" } } Examples of Kubernetes AnnotationsLet’s understand the examples of Kubernetes Annotations with Syntax.
Example 1We have an nginx pod and we want to attach annotations like on-call person pager number, URL or name of the image registry and link of knowledge base article, etc. We can add these details under annotations under metadata primitives. There are default annotations attached by the ‘kubectl’ to every Kubernetes objects whether we attach annotations to the Kubernetes object or not. This annotation is the ‘kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration’. Let’s create a pod using below yaml file.
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: nginx-web-server labels: env: prod app: nginx-web spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx ports: - containerPort: 80After creating the pod, we use below two commands to check the attached annotation:
Syntax:
Example 2 $kubectl describe pod nginx-web-server $kubectl get pods nginx-web-server -o custom-columns=ANNOTATIONS:.metadata.annotationsExplanation: In the above example, there is no annotation attached to the pod however, there is an annotation attached to the pod and that is attached by Kubernetes core components as it has reserved prefix ‘kubernetes.io’ and name of the annotation is ‘last-applied-configuration’ which means it holds the last configuration applied to that object. The value of the annotation is truncated in the output we get from the first command. If we want to know or extract full value, we use the second command which output only key/value pairs of annotations.
Let’s create a pod and attach the annotations ‘oncallPager’, ‘imageregistry’, and ‘kbArticle’ as we discussed above. Below is the YAML configuration file for the same: –
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: nginx-web-server labels: env: prod app: nginx-web annotations: oncallPager: 111-222-3333 spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx ports: - containerPort: 80After deploying the above pod, we use the ‘kubectl describte’ command to see the attached annotations as shown in the below snapshot: –
Let’s output only annotations and see how it looks like. Here is the output: –
Explanation: In the above snapshot, the key/value pairs are not that much clear as compare to earlier output and it will be difficult to find the key/value pairs if there are many annotations attached to a Kubernetes object.
Scenarios of Kubernetes AnnotationsThere are many scenarios where annotations are very useful. Some use cases are as below:
We can add application build, release, or image information build number, release ID, git branch, registry address, image hashes, etc.
We can attach name, version, and build information of client library or tool for debugging purposes.
We can add user or tool/system information from where the objects originated. For example, objects can be created by automation tools like Jenkins in CI/CD model. It is very useful information who has created the Kubernetes object.
Attaching fields managed by a declarative configuration layer as annotations help to differentiate them from default values set by clients or servers, and from auto-generated fields and fields set by auto-sizing or auto-scaling systems.
We can also attach phone or pager numbers of the responsible person or directories or link where one can find that information if something bad happens.
The link of the knowledge base article or article number can be also attached to troubleshoot known issues related to that object.
We can add pointers to logging, monitoring, analytics, or audit repositories.
ConclusionKubernetes are similar to labels as it also has key/value pairs, however, it cannot be queried by Kubernetes itself but there are many tools that are configured to query objects based on their annotations, for example, Prometheus, third party tools, etc. Huge annotations do not the impact internal performance of Kubernetes so there are no keys and values constrained like labels.
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How Does Size Command Work In Linux?
Definition of Linux Size
The size command in Linux will allow listing the section size and the total size of the object files or the archived files in its argument list. In this tutorial, we will discuss its syntax, how to size command is used in Linux, its options, and its usages with different examples.
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Syntax of size command in Linux:
We can use the size command in Linux in a different format with different options, as shown below:
[–help] [–common] [objfile…]
How Does Size Command Work in Linux?Size commands in Linux can be used in different ways with its options. Below are the options that can be used with the size command in Linux and its description.
Options Description
We can select the output style by mentioning the format either in SysV or Berkeley.
To display the numbers in order of octal, decimal, or hex.
-t –totals To print the total size for Berkeley format only.
–common To print the total size of *COM* syms
To set the binary object file format
To scan the options from object-file
-h –help To display the list of options available in the size command.
-v –version To display the version of the program.
Examples of Linux Size CommandFollowing are the examples are given below:
1. To Get the Default Size OutputSyntax:
size directory_nameExample:
size /usr/var/logThe above result is in Berkeley format, and we can also get the same output in three different commands, as shown below:
2. Default File OptionIn the current directory, it will check for ‘a.out’ file and calculate the size, displaying the result in Berkeley format.
Syntax:
sizeExample:
size 3. To Get the Output in SysV FormatThe output, when generated in SysV format, will print different sections along with the size and address of each section name.
Syntax:
size –format=SysV dir_nameExample:
size --format=SysV /usr/var/log 4. To Specify the Output Value in DecimalWhen we pass the option ‘-d’ with the argument list, we will get the result in decimal value format as given in the example below.
Syntax:
size -d dir_nameExample:
size -d /usr/var/log 5. To Specify the Output Value in Octal FormatWhen we pass the option ‘-o’ with the argument list, we will get the result in octal value format as given in the example below.
Syntax:
size -o dir_nameExample:
size -o /usr/var/log 6. To Specify the Output Value in Hex FormatWhen we pass option ‘-x’ with the argument list, we will get the result in hex value format as given in the example below.
Syntax:
size -x dir_nameExample:
size -x /usr/var/log 7. Option –radixFor decimals, we can use the number format as –radix=10.
Syntax:
size –radix=10 /dir_nameExample:
size --radix=10 /usr/var/log
Radix option in the size command is used to specify the format number instead of using decimal, hex, or octal. For decimals, we can use the number format as –radix=10.
Syntax:
size –radix=10 /dir_nameExample:
Radix option in the size command is used to specify the format number instead of using decimal, hex or octal. For octal, we can use the number format as –radix=8.
Syntax:
size –radix=8 /dir_nameExample:
size -o /usr/var/log
Radix option in the size command is used to specify the format number instead of using decimal, hex, or octal. For hex, we can use the number format as –radix=16.
size --radix=16 /dir_nameExample:
size --radix=16 /usr/var/logWe can use only format numbers as 10,8,16 for decimal, octal, and hex, respectively. When we use other format numbers, we will get an error saying “Invalid radix.” Below is an example of an invalid radix format.
size --redix=12 /usr/var/log 8. To Display the Common Symbol CountThe common option allows printing the total number of all common symbols in the object file. By default, the format will take Berkeley file format; this will also be used to include in the value for column “bss.”
Syntax:
size -A --common /dir_nameExample:
size -A --common /usr/var/logOption -A is used for SysV format. In the above example, the last line having *COM* will give the value.
9. To Display the Total in Berkeley FormatThe option -t (or –totals) allows in displaying the new line at the end of the result that will print the value of all the object files that are in the list.
Syntax:
size -t /dir_nameExample:
size -t /usr/var/lo* ConclusionThe size command in Linux is a very important command that will allow listing the section size and the total size of the object files or the archived files in its argument list. When the object file is not specified in the parameter list, the default file name used is ‘a.out’. The output formats can be displayed in different formats, such as decimal, octal, or hexadecimal. The tutorial above explains various options and provides examples to enhance understanding of these output formats.
Recommended ArticlesWe hope that this EDUCBA information on “Linux Size” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.
How Does Responsibility Center Work?
What is Responsibility Center?
The term “responsibility center” refers to the operational units within an organization that are accountable for the activities specially designed for them.
These units usually have their staff, goals & objectives, and policies & procedures. These units also manage matters related to revenue generated, expenses incurred, and funds invested in their activities. This arrangement is usually seen in large multinational companies, where the organizational tasks are divided into multiple subtasks. The responsibility centers assign each task to a small division or group.
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Key TakeawaysSome of the key takeaways of the article are:
The responsibility center refers to the operational units within an organization that have well-defined individual targets to fulfill and are accountable for them.
Large organizations usually divide their work into smaller subgroups so that every unit achieves its goals that all add up to fulfill the overall organizational objectives.
These units have their staff, goals & objectives, and policies & procedures.
There are four significant types of responsibility centers – cost center, revenue center, profit center, and investment center.
How does Responsibility Center work?In a large organization, all the tasks are split amongst smaller teams focusing on their respective objectives. These small units work synchronously to achieve the overall organizational goals.
Each unit has its targets and goals, which they are expected to achieve within a pre-defined timeline. These subgroups use their resources, follow procedures, prepare financial reports, and bear responsibilities. Although they function independently, they tend to contribute toward the common organizational objective.
Types of Responsibility CenterThere are four significant types of responsibility centers – cost center, revenue center, profit center, and investment center.
1. Cost CenterIt is a unit that allocates, supervises, segregates, and eliminates different kinds of cost-related issues of a company. The primary responsibility of a cost center is to manage the company’s costs and check its unwanted expenditures. Under the cost center, the manager is responsible for all expenses, including maintenance, production, HR, etc.
2. Revenue CentreIt is accountable for generating and monitoring revenue. The management has hardly anything to do with control over cost or investment-related issues within the organization. Comparing the budgeted revenue with the actual payment determines the performance of the revenue center.
3. Profit Centre 4. Investment CentreIt is primarily responsible for investment-related of the organization. The manager may need to control income and expenses in order to manage profitability, which they eventually invest in other assets.
Examples of Responsibility CenterLet us look at a simple example to decipher the role of the responsibility centers within an organization.
ABC Inc. manufactures a range of denim wear, such as pants, shirts, tops, etc. The company often invests huge capital to carry out large business operations or expand. And like any other business, it manufactures goods and sells them in the market, generating revenue.
Hunting for the best investment choice is not the same as looking for a profitable market. The former analyzes return on investment, while the latter intends to maximize profit. Large organizations subdivide tasks into small units or groups.
Importance of Responsibility CenterThe process of creating responsibility centers helps an organization achieve its overall goals. In this arrangement, the tasks are segregated and tagged to many managers, allowing proper delegation and control. Without responsibility centers, it will be difficult for organizations, huge multinational companies, to manage their operations and achieve their overall organizational goals and objectives. This is because these units with an organization are analogous to the different parts of the human body.
Advantages of Responsibility Center
First, given that there is a responsibility assigned to all the units, each individual has responsibilities aligned with the roles that direct them toward a common purpose.
Since senior management tracks and reports individual performances, each individual tends to give their best performance.
It facilitates better delegation and control of organizational tasks, which is one of the objectives of management.
First, a conflict of interest may arise between the individual objectives and the organizational goals.
The management must invest a lot of time and effort to plan and meticulously chalk out the course of action.
Sometimes, the employees or managers are resistant/ reluctant to join a particular department/ segment/ role.
ConclusionSo, it can be seen that responsibility centers are essential cogs in any organizational machinery. It can help organizations grow and seamlessly manage their activities if implemented correctly and efficiently.
Recommended ArticlesHow Does Javafx Gradle Plugin Work
Introduction to JavaFX Gradle
The following article provides an outline for JavaFX Gradle. In Java, JavaFX helps in creating desktop applications as well as games. Gradle is considered as one of the top build systems present on the Java platform. Nowadays, plethora of projects is migrated to gradle from maven and ant etc. Using this plugin boosts the build-script and moreover, gradle-plugin wraps every call as well as introduces workarounds along with fixes for JDK-bugs.
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How does JavaFX Gradle Plugin Work?Step 1:
Download JDK8 and install it for the platform you use. Always remember to download the JDK based on your platform. Then, verify the same by using the command java – version and running it.
Before moving to next step, you have to know what JDK is.
Note: JDK is the Java Development Kit that is considered as Java programming language’s one of the top 3 primary technology packages. Other two are JVM (Java Virtual Machine) which is the component that executes programs in Java and JRE (Java Runtime Environment) which is the Java’s on-disk part that helps in creating the Java Virtual Machine.
Step 2:
After installing JDK, download Eclipse IDE and install the same.
Note: Eclipse is an IDE that helps in programming which consists of a base workspace along with a wide plug-in system. This is mainly for environment customization.
Step 3:
Normally, Eclipse has in-built gradle support (that is, buildship gradle plugin). But, the default version can be old sometimes. For that, the gradle buildship has to be updated.
For that, perform the steps below.
Open Eclipse.
Choose Eclipse Marketplace.
Find the buildship with the help of field find on the top.
Once these steps are done, restart eclipse.
If you want to check whether the buildship is installed or not, perform the below steps.
Open Eclipse.
Choose Eclipse Marketplace.
Normally, you will be able to see the buildship in that section. If it is not visible, close the eclipse and start again.
Note: Gradle is considered as a build automation tool that helps in multi-language software development which controls the task compilation and packaging to testing development process along with deployment, as well as publishing. C/C++ and JavaScript are the other programming languages that support gradle.
Next, a JavaFX project has to be created with the help of gradle.
Now, we will see how to do that. For that, following steps has to be performed.
Open Eclipse.
Choose.
Select Other.
Select the GradleProject from the Gradle option.
Give a name for the project you have created.
As this is the first gradle project you have created, it will download libraries for the project.
Step 5:
Once all these steps are done, create a simple Java class and save it within the project folder src/main/java.
Note: Normally, when you create a new class, it will be automatically saved into the location src/main/java.
Step 6:
[optional]
[optional]
Sometimes, you may see an error as shown below.
Select properties.
Change the resolution as Accessible.
Set the pattern as javafx/**.
Apply and close the window.
Example of JavaFX GradleLet us see a sample program which is created on the gradle project.
JavaFX program that works on a gradle project.
Code:
import javafx.application.Application ; import javafx.scene.Scene ; import javafx.scene.control.Button ; import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane ; import javafx.stage.Stage ; public class JavaFXDemoSample extends Application { public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); } @Override public void start(Stage st) throws Exception { String msg = "Hey !!! It is working !!!" ; Button btn1 = new Button(); btn1.setText(msg); StackPane sp = new StackPane(); sp.getChildren().add(btn1); Scene sc = new Scene( sp , 350 , 300 ); st.setTitle(msg); st.setScene(sc); st.show(); } }Output:
First, import all the necessary packages and declare a msg “Hey !!! It is working !!!”. Then, create a button btn1 and set the msg as the text for the button. For UI controls, create a layout container and add children to the same. Once all these are done, set title for the stage and set the scene. On executing the code, it can be seen that a button is displayed with a text as shown above.
ConclusionIn Java platform, Gradle is considered as one of the top build systems and many of the projects are migrating to gradle from maven and ant etc. In this article, detailed aspects such as working, and examples of JavaFX gradle is explained in detail.
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How Does Date Function Work In Xml With Examples?
Definition on XML Date
XML Date is defined as a data type to specify the date in the XML Documents. According to W3C XML Schema, a date is a period of one day in its time zone. The date rule could be customized according to the requirements where sometimes it is necessary to do some date operations or parse dates to a specific format provided time zone should be specified if not local time is used. And the date format is defined by date pattern Strings by assigning letters from A to Z.
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In this article, we have used a Class XML Gregorian Calendar for the data Utilities.
Syntax
The XML format for Date is given in the following formats
CCYY-MM-DDWhere the data type specifies Year, Month, and Day. It’s a finite-length sequence of characters with yy-mm-dd. The four-digit numeric represents a year, the negative value is restricted, and the year 0000 is neglected. And there is a symbol ‘- ‘separator between this format; finally, two-digit numerals signify month and date.
The element declaration is illustrated as
The current date on Xpath is defined as
xs:date fn:current-date() How does Date function work in XML?Generally, this Date function includes Data types like
xs:dateTime (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss)
xs:date (CCYY-MM-DD)
xs:time (hh:mm:ss)
xs:gYearMonth (CCYY-MM)
xs:gYear (CCYY)
xs:gMonthDay (–MM-DD)
xs:gMonth (–MM–)
xs:gDay (—DD)
and XML formatter prefers to use Simple Date Format, and it is not thread-safe. Also, this constructor is not supported in all the local files. The format comes like this:
public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, DateFormatSymbols formatSymbols)The Gregorian Calendar is specified as
2011-11-21
2011-11-21 +02:00
2011-11-21 Z
2011-11-21+00:00
2011-11-21
2011-02-03
The value of the datetime given is parsed by the XML parser, which converts the datetime value declared in the input XML to the value of the local time zone format. Thus, even a daylight-saving option could be made.
Using the Current date() function to display the current date of that day. This function is called without passing any parameters. As a result, it returns the date manipulated from the System time, i.e., gives out a constant value. Let’s see a simple working code of the XSD file.
<xsl: stylesheet version=”2.0″ The current date today is:
And in Xpath, we have like
And Few functions on Date are dateTime (), year-from-dateTime (), year-from-date(date), month-from-date(date) , day-from-date(date).
Next, for the sample XML schema, the customization of XML date and time is specified as
public class Client { @XmlElement(name = "dob") @XmlSchemaType(name = "date") protected XMLGregorianCalendar dateOfBirth; public XMLGregorianCalendar getDateOfBirth() {return dateOfBirth;} public void setDateOfBirth(XMLGregorianCalendar value) {this.dateOfBirth = value; } } ExamplesNow let’s see how this function works well in XSLT and java.
Example#1 – Simple XML file displays the datechúng tôi
Output:
Example#2Educ.java
import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.ZoneId; import java.time.ZonedDateTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.Date; import java.util.GregorianCalendar; import javaxxml.datatype.DatatypeConfigurationException; import javaxxml.datatype.DatatypeFactory; import javaxxml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar; public class Educ { private final static String TIMESTAMP_PATTERN = "MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm a z"; private final static DateTimeFormatter DATE_TIME_FORMATTER = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(TIMESTAMP_PATTERN); public static void main(String[] args) throws DatatypeConfigurationException { GregorianCalendar c = new GregorianCalendar(); c.setTime(new Date()); XMLGregorianCalendar xc = DatatypeFactory.newInstance() .newXMLGregorianCalendar(c); ZonedDateTime zon = xc.toGregorianCalendar().toZonedDateTime(); System.out.println( DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.format(zon) ); ZonedDateTime zond = zon.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of("UTC")); System.out.println( DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.format(zond) ); } }Explanation:
Output:
Example#3 – Showing java code to convert Date Object to String Value Using Gregorian CalendarRule.java
import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.ZoneId; import java.time.ZonedDateTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.Date; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.GregorianCalendar; import javaxxml.datatype.DatatypeConfigurationException; import javaxxml.datatype.DatatypeFactory; import javaxxml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar; public class Rule { public static void main(String[] args) throws DatatypeConfigurationException { GregorianCalendar gca = new GregorianCalendar(); gca.setTime(new Date()); XMLGregorianCalendar xgc = DatatypeFactory.newInstance().newXMLGregorianCalendar(gca); System.out.println(convertXmlGregorianToString(xgc)); } public static String convertXmlGregorianToString(XMLGregorianCalendar xgc) { DateFormat datef = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm a z"); GregorianCalendar gCalendar = xgc.toGregorianCalendar(); Date dd = gCalendar.getTime(); String dStr = datef.format(dd); return dStr; } }Explanation:
The above java code converts an XML file document into java code by converting their data objects to display date. It uses simple packages like Date Format and Simple Date Format.
Output:
Example#4 – Using a Style sheet to give out the date..xsl
chúng tôi
Explanation:
Here we have used an XML file with various elements, and XSLT is created,
Output:
Example#5 – Xml date using C#Code:
using System; using System.IO; using System.Xml; public class test { public static void Main() { Int16 cid = 3252; String oID = "3524f5"; DateTime orderDate = new DateTime(); orderDate = DateTime.Now; Double price = 20.95; XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter (Console.Out); writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented; writer.WriteStartElement("order"); writer.WriteAttributeString("date", XmlConvert.ToString(orderDate, "yyyy-MM-dd")); writer.WriteAttributeString("time", XmlConvert.ToString(orderDate, "HH:mm:ss")); writer.WriteElementString("orderID", oID); writer.WriteElementString("custID", XmlConvert.ToString(cid)); writer.WriteElementString("price", XmlConvert.ToString(price)); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.Close(); } }Explanation:
The above code automatically generates the current date from the System, which is shown below. The XML is written using the writer methods, where it starts from the root element ‘order.’
Output:
ConclusionTherefore this article shows how to apply Date Format value types in java and also taught us the customization formats by changing the different settings as explained in the working sections.
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to XML Date. Here we discuss how the XML date function works well in XSLT and java, along with different examples and its code implementation. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
How Does The Operator Work On A Tuple In Python
In Python, a tuple is similar to a list. The distinction between the two is that once a tuple is assigned, its elements cannot be changed, whereas list items can i.e, the tuples are immutable while the lists are mutable.
Repetition Operator(*):A repetition operator is supported by sequence datatypes (both mutable and immutable). * The repetition operator * creates several copies of that object and joins them together. When used with an integer, * performs multiplication, but when used with a list, tuple, or strings, it performs repetition.
In this article, we will show you how the * operator works on a tuple in python. Below are the different examples to understand how * works on a python tuple −
Repetition Operator(*) on Tuple Elements
Repetition Operator(*) on Nested Tuple Items
Using the * operator to unpack a function.
When the Repetition Value is given 0
Method 1: Repetition Operator(*) on Tuple ElementsWhen you multiply a tuple by any integer, you get another tuple with all the elements from the input tuple repeated x times. For example, inputTuple*4 indicates that the items of tuple input tuple will be repeated 4 times.
ExampleThe following program repeats the tuple the given number of times using the * operator−
inputTuple
=
(
3
,
4
,
2
)
(
inputTuple
*
4
)
OutputOn executing, the above program will generate the following output −
(3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2)Here, we took a tuple of random values and multiplied it four times with the * operator, so that the output consists of the given tuple repeated four times.
Method 2: Repetition Operator(*) on Nested Tuple Items ExamplenestedTuple
=
(
(
4
,
9
,
8
)
,
(
3
,
6
)
)
(
nestedTuple
*
3
)
OutputOn executing, the above program will generate the following output −
((4, 9, 8), (3, 6), (4, 9, 8), (3, 6), (4, 9, 8), (3, 6))We used a nested tuple of random values in this case. Then we multiplied the tuple three times, and the output tuple contains the given nested tuple multiplied three times. Instead of multiplying each element of the tuple, we can see that it multiplies the nested tuple as a whole three times.
Method 3: When Repetition Value is given 0When a value less than or equal to 0 is provided, an empty sequence of the same type is returned.
Example 1The following program returns an empty tuple when the input tuple is multiplied by 0 −
inputTuple
=
(
4
,
9
,
8
)
(
inputTuple
*
0
)
OutputOn executing, the above program will generate the following output −
()We used 0 as the repetition value here, so we get an empty tuple () because something multiplied by 0 equals 0 (empty)
Example 2The following program returns an empty tuple when input is multiplied with any number less than 0 −
inputTuple
=
(
4
,
9
,
8
)
(
inputTuple
*
–
32
)
OutputOn executing, the above program will generate the following output −
()Because the * operator only accepts positive values, we get an empty tuple when we pass -32 as the repetition value. If there are any negative values, it cannot multiply them and thus returns an empty tuple.
Method 4: Using a positional argument to unpack a function.The star(*) operator unpacks the sequence/collection into positional arguments. So, instead of indexing each element separately, you could just use the * operator if you have a tuple and want to pass the elements of that tuple as arguments for each position as they are in the tuple.
Algorithm (Steps)Following are the Algorithm/steps to be followed to perform the desired task −
Create a variable to store the input tuple and give it some random values.
To print tuple elements separated by spaces without brackets[] first we convert the tuple to a string by passing the str and tuple as arguments to the map() function. It converts each element of the tuple to the string type and returns the resultant tuple of items. The join() function(join() is used to join elements of a sequence that are separated by a string separator) is used to convert the result tuple to a string.
Instead of the previous method, we can use the asterisk operator (*) to print the tuple separated by spaces.
ExampleThe following program prints the tuple elements with spaces −
inputTuple
=
(
'TutorialsPoint'
,
'Python'
,
'Codes'
,
False
,
3.4
,
5
,
'hello'
,
'everyone'
)
(
'Without Using * Operator :'
)
(
' '
.
join(
map
(
str
,
inputTuple)
)
)
(
'Using * operator : '
)
(
*
inputTuple)
OutputOn executing, the above program will generate the following output −
Without Using * Operator : TutorialsPoint Python Codes False 3.4 5 hello everyone Using * operator : TutorialsPoint Python Codes False 3.4 5 hello everyone ConclusionThis article covered every case in which the * repetition operator on a tuple was used. We also discussed how it will behave in different scenarios. We learned how to print tuple elements separated by spaces using the * operator. This can be useful in a variety of situations; such as interviews where you want to return a tuple separated by spaces or programming contests where you want to save time instead of writing multiple functions. We also learned how the * operator behaves on nested tuples, and how it multiplies the nested tuple multiple times rather than multiplying every element in the nested tuple multiple times.
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