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Difference Between System Testing vs Integration TestingStart Your Free Software Development Course
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What is System Testing?The system testing is done from a user’s perspective since here; the testing is done regarding the product as a whole. The entire internal code knowledge is not required while doing system testing since it is a black-box technique. System testing is further classified into functional and Non- functional testing, which the user or organization can choose according to their particular needs, as system testing is a high-level technique, so it is always performed after the integration testing is done and requires several iterations of the operation. System testing is one sweep operation to find out all the bugs are hidden in different modules, and the bugs generated rated in the system as a whole.
What is Integration Testing?If system testing is done from a user’s perspective, it can be said that in Integration testing, the modules are compared from the perspective of each other. Since a system is made up of different modules, first, all the modules are tested individually, and then their different possible combinations with interconnecting interfaces are also tested to complete the process. The command data inside a system has to travel between different modules through their interfaces, so it needs to be ensured that logic used in each module is consistent with the logic used in other interacting modules since different modules are developed by different developers and their approach of and logic used can be different, integration testing successfully establishes consistency between the interfaces smoothing out the data flow across the whole system.
Head to Head Comparison Between System Testing and Integration Testing (Infographics)Below are the top 6 differences between System Testing and Integration Testing:
Key Difference Between System Testing and Integration Testing
The system is tested as a finished product from start to end in system testing while individual components modules are tested individually, as well as interfaces are compared according to their different possible combinations in integration testing.
System testing is performed after integration testing has been executed successfully, while Integration testing can be started right after the product crosses the unit testing stage.
System testing requires knowledge of the internal structure and overall programming language but not of the internal code of the application, while Integration testing requires the information related to the internal code of the application, along with the knowledge of interlinked modules and the way they behave with each other.
System testing covers the horizon of both functional tests and non-functional test, i.e. both the performance and the usability of the system can be tested from a user’s perspective. Integration testing only carries out the functional testing of different integrated modules and relating interfaces.
As the scope is limited to functional requirements, only black-box techniques are enough to carry out system testing on a software application while Integration testing makes the use of both black box techniques as well as white and grey box techniques, since the information on interfacing logic is required to carry out this testing.
To replicate the real-life scenario, the tests are carried out on a staging server, which is similar to a production server where the actual application is supposed to be used, while Integration testing can be carried out using 3rd party tools and APIs.
System Testing and Integration Testing Comparison TableLet’s discuss the top comparison between System Testing and Integration Testing.
System Testing Integration Testing
1. System testing puts the main emphasis on testing the system as one whole module. 1. Integration testing puts emphasis on functionalities interface between different modules.
2. System testing can be carried out only by test engineers. 2. Integration testing needs team-work between testing engineers as well as the developers themselves to be executed successfully.
3. Since the testing here is done including all the external interfaces as a whole, any defect found is regarded as a system defect. 3. In integration testing, the testing is performed between the relating interfaces and the different modules so, any defect found belongs to the individual module.
4. Since the system testing is to be performed from the perspective of an actual user, the testing environment developed here are simulated to resemble a real-life scenario of user-software interaction roughly. 4. For integration testing, the testing environment is simulated accordingly to resemble the interactions between two individual modules.
5. System testing includes a plethora of different testing types in itself, which include parameters like functional testing, usability testing, performance testing, reliability testing, sanity, regression, maintenance, scalability testing, security testing, installation testing and retesting, etc. 5., Unlike system testing, integration testing includes different approaches used to execute it, which are the big-bang approach, top-down approach, bottom-up approach, sandwich approach and hybrid integration at last.
6. System testing is relatively simpler to execute and manage as internal coding is not considered. 6. Integration testing is relatively complex to execute as it needs control over factors like database, platform, executive environment, etc.
ConclusionThe testing phase needs different perspectives and techniques to be executed successfully; system testing and integration testing are very useful and handy techniques for cleaning and polishing software. A thoughtful approach and selection of proper tools to execute system and integration testing ensure that no bug escapes under the rug and that your code is as efficient and effective as it can possibly get.
Recommended ArticlesThis has been a guide to System Testing vs Integration Testing. Here we have discussed head to head comparison, key differences, infographics, and a comparison table. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
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Gui Testing In Different Ways
What is GUI Testing?
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Features of GUIBy understanding its different characteristics, GUI testing can be clarified further.
Thus, some critical GUI tests and other associated elements are described below:
This testing method is harder than the line interface test command.
Most test tools used for GUI testing focus mainly on regression testing.
It also confirms that the components, like the font and the pictures, comply with their design specifications.
GUI can face more challenges with automated testing, as the user interface often changes.
It is carried out from the viewpoint of the user and not the developer or tester.
It helps the team collect the data needed to decide whether an application can be deployed or not deployed.
GUI Testing in Different Ways
Manual Based Testing
Record and Replay
Model-Based Testing
1. Manual Based TestingTesters manually verified all graphics for the company document with the prerequisites. For instance, the multiplication (33X5) can be checked by manual testing.
2. Record and ReplayRecord and Replay is an automated Graphical User Interface tool with all the test records during testing.
3. Model-Based Testing Check-List of GUI Testing
Check GUI elements like length, width, size, font, etc.
Check for the correct error message display.
Size of font and font readability.
Pictures should be aligned correctly.
The positioning for various resolutions of all GUI elements.
AdvantagesIn addition, this testing offers other benefits such as:
Tests the interface from the point of view of customers.
Efficiently reduces the risk to the end of the development cycle.
Contributes to validating compliance with design specifications for the various icons and elements.
Improves product reliability and increases product quality.
More memory resources are needed, which can slow the system.
The testing method takes time and may involve additional GUI software.
Given the frequent change in the implementation interface, the team could need to refactor a test script to enhance its precision.
The testing method is difficult due to limited access or no access to the source code.
Examples
Test the height of the elements in size, location, and width.
Testing for the displayed error messages.
Test the various parts of the screen.
Test the font to determine whether or not it is readable.
We can also test the spelling.
Testing the screen in various sizes by zooming in and out, such as 600×800, 640 x 480, etc.
Texts and other components, such as buttons, icons, and so on, are in the correct location to test the alignment.
We can also test the font color.
Testing error messages colors and warning messages.
We can also test the clarity of the image
We can also test the Alignment of the image.
Hyperlink color testing.
How to Do GUI Testing?
Ensure a text box correctly aligns with the label “Source Folder.”
Ensure the text box is correctly aligned with the label “Package.”
Check that the “Browse” label is the button at the end of the TextBox named after the “Source Folder” label.
Make sure that the label text box “Name” is correctly aligned.
Verify that the ‘ Editors ‘ label consists of the public, default, private, and protected names of 4 radio buttons.
Verify that the “Super-Class” label under the “Modifier” label has to be correctly aligned.
Ensure that wherever needed, an error should be produced in RED color.
Display a correct confirmation message after updating any field.
Recommended ArticlesComplete Guide To Penetration Testing
Introduction to Penetration Testing
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Regardless of how securely the web application has been developed, there will always be any flaw that makes it vulnerable to cyber attack. In order to make the organization free from security issues, the security professional of that organization has to be very careful about handling the company’s network and the web application.
When it comes to handling the network or web application of any organization, it is very important to sincerely take each security aspect. One of the approaches to keep it secure is by deploying Antivirus, firewall, IPS and IDS systems, etc. The role of their software is to ensure that no attack can cause harm to the system.
In this approach, we have the security professional try to hack our own system just to make sure how an actual hacker can compromise our system. As it is done with all the system owner’s consent, it is also called ethical hacking.
What is Penetration Testing?
Penetration testing may be defined as exploiting the system with the system owner’s consent to get real exposure to the existing vulnerabilities. In this approach, the security professional tries to hack the system using all the ways that a hacker can use to compromise the system.
Through it happens with the consent of the system’s owner, it might depend if they want to share the internal details of the system with the ethical hacker based on the kind of ethical hacking they want to get performed in their system.
All three kinds of hacking, white hat, grey hat and black hat, could be performed under the penetration testing test. The professional who does pentesting is called pentesters.
Penetration testing could be done on web applications as well as in the network. The ethical hacker follows all the steps from information gathering to exploiting the system to get all the possible flaws, which can weaken the system’s security.
Based on whether the web application or the network has to be hacked, different tools and technologies are available to leverage. Also, based on what kind of security the organization wants to ensure, it depends on how the pentester will choose the approach of hacking. The pentester can also be asked to hack the life or the under-construction websites to get the idea of how it is developed and how it is being developed, respectively.
How is Penetration Testing Performed?Penetration testing involves the open approach, which means the way pentesting could be performed varies from person to person. But overall, all the pentesters apply the same approaches or follow the same steps to implement their ideas.
Below are the steps that are usually involved in penetration testing:
1. Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance may be defined as the way of performing the footprinting of the system by finding all the related details of the target.
It includes finding the target’s physical location, gathering information about its surroundings, finding details about it through social media, being engaged with the people who are the legitimate user of the target, and so on.
This step plays a vital role by making the hacker aware of the target.
2. Scanning
Scanning, as the name states, this step is all about scanning the target in order to get all the technical details about it.
It is the hacker actually uses the most important step as the hacker’s technical details gathered during this phase to exploit the target.
Scanning has to be done very carefully on the target else, and it could alert the owner or the system administrators if the smart software backs it.
3. Gaining Access
After performing the scanning and gathering all the crucial details about the system, it is about how the details could be leveraged to break into the target.
In this phase, it takes all the expertise of the hacker to get completed successfully.
It is important for hackers to be aware of all the possible approaches to exploit the system using their knowledge and experience.
4. Maintaining Access
After the system has been compromised, it is now the turn to manage the access in the target without the knowledge of the system administrator.
Creating the backdoor to get regular access to the target falls under this phase.
The hacker can create the backdoor using trojan so that they can use the target for their purpose whenever required. While residing inside the target, it is very important for the attacker to remain hidden; else, they can be thrown out of the target.
5. Clearing Track
When all the phases are completed, and it turns to clear all the evidence that the attacker might have left while attacking the system, the attacker has to opt for the techniques to erase everything they did.
It is the final phase as penetration testing is considered completed after this phase.
Penetration Testing TechniquesPenetration testing can be done in various ways. A good penetration tester is supposed to have their own skills that they can use to break any system. It all depends on what kind of system has to be compromised in an overview manner if it comes to penetration testing techniques. If the system is the web application or the network or what kind of system it is, it all decides what kind of approach or technique has to be applied to compromise the system.
It is very important to understand that different systems have different specifications, and in order to break them, it needs expertise in these particular specifications. The ethical hacker usually prefers to have a checklist of all the vulnerabilities that might exist in the system.
In some networks or web applications backed by security applications, it is very tough to bypass through them, making it very tough to perform the DAST penetration testing. The outcome of the penetration testing is then presented to the system administrators or the system owners to get those remediated.
Penetration Testing ToolsBelow are some of the important penetration testing tools:
1. BurpsuiteBurpsuite may be defined as one of the sniffing tools that catch the packets that are transmitted from the web browser to towards the server. The sniffed packets can be then changed or manipulated to launch the attack. It carries various important data that the hacker can use in various ways to exploit the system.
2. OWASP ZAP 3. WiresharkWireshark may be defined as the network traffic sniffing tool that can catch the network packet flowing through any network and get all the details that have been carried by it to exploit the system. If any of the users are doing some critical transaction, the Wireshark application can catch the packer involved in the transaction and can discover the data it is carrying to the server.
4. NexposeNexpose is the other tool used to find or scan the vulnerability of any network. It runs the map behind the system in order to get the status of the ports and the services running on them. It is a very important tool to find out the existing vulnerabilities in the network. In addition to finding the network’s weakness, it also suggests the steps that have to be followed to remove all the weaknesses.
5. MetasploitMetasploit is the inbuilt tool in Kali Linux used to perform the actual exploit. It is used in the terminal of Kali Linux, where it lets the hacker get access to the target system. It is a very big tool that lets us hack several devices that run the various operating systems on it. It has to be considered very seriously when it comes to exploiting the weakness of any system.
Advantages:
Penetration testing ensures the safety of the system by making sure that the actual hacker cannot breach the security by finding the flaws in the system.
It gives the idea about what kind of vulnerability actually exists in the system so that the system owner could remediate those.
Cybersecurity is considered the mandatory checks that the organization has to go through to find out what is going wrong with their system.
There are security breaches that could be only explored if the ethical hacker can try to exploit the system by applying all the approaches that a real hacker can do.
The outcome of penetration testing is very important, while they have to be resolved in order to make sure that the system is free from the weak points.
If the system is the production system and some of the important measures are not taken care of, it may lead to system downtime, which will definitely lead to the organisation’s performance.
It takes the extra cost to get the penetration testing done of any site as the hacker these days charges well sum to perform the system’s penetration testing.
It is sometimes very time taking to perform the penetration testing, due to which the organization has to devote some of the time if there is any need to manage the downtime of the system.
Conclusion Recommended ArticlesModules Of Surefire Testing Framework
Introduction to Maven Surefire
Apache Maven is a building tool that also supports other operations for project management such as dependency management, documentation and unit testing. The build lifecycle of the maven is divided into multiple phases namely validate, compile, test, package, verify, install, and deploy. Maven surefire is a plugin that is used in the test phase of the build lifecycle of maven. This plugin helps in making the execution of unit test cases of a maven project or application and generate the reports of the testing results in the test phase of the build lifecycle. This plugin creates the reports in two different formats namely plain test files with .txt extension and XML files with .xml extension.
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Modules of Surefire Testing FrameworkGiven below are the various modules framework:
SureFire Logger
SureFire API
Surefire Extensions
SureFireBooter
Maven Surefire Test-Grouping Support
SureFire Providers
ShadeFire JUnit3 Provider
Maven Surefire Common
Surefire Report Parser
Maven Surefire Plugin
Maven Failsafe Plugin
Maven Surefire Report Plugin
Maven Surefire Integration Tests
Surefire Shared Utils
Prerequisites
Maven 3.1.0 or above maven 3.x version.
JDK (Java Development Toolkit) with version 1.7 or higher.
Behavior
The surefire plugins help to export the reports of unit testing in plain text or XML format.
It can also be exported in HTML by taking some extra efforts.
The default path where the generated reports of surefire plugin are stored is /target/surefire-reports/AnyNameOfFile-*(.xml/.txt).
This surefire plugin has one goal defined for it that is surefire, test that specifies to run the unit tests of the maven project/application.
Compatibility with Different Test ProvidersMaven surefire plugin works completely fine with any of the following combinations of the test source directories content.
Junit(5.x,3.8 or 4.x version)
POJO(Plain Old Java Object)
TestNG
There is no need for any extra configurations to specify which provider is used and available for the test cases in the maven project. This is incurred from the dependencies that you add in your chúng tôi file.
For example, if you are using Junit 5 for testing, then there will be a dependency tag with JUnit 5 ‘s group id artifact id and version in the dependencies element of your chúng tôi file of the project.
How to use?One of the most commonly used and preferred methods of using this plugin is to specify the version of this plugin in the plugins element of your chúng tôi file or parent chúng tôi file of your maven project.
Code:
This plugin tag should be added in plugins elements inside the pluginManagement tag of your chúng tôi 3.0.0-M4 is the latest version of the surefire plugin.
An alternative way to use the maven surefire plugin is to call the test phase of the maven builds lifecycle which will invoke this plugin automatically. The test phase of maven lifecycle of building a project can be called by using the following command:
Code:
mvn testThe surefire maven plugin includes all the test classes that are public and contain the word test in it whether the test word be situated in beginning or ending of the class name. However, this behavior can be changed with the help of excludes and includes parameters in configuration in the following way.
Code:
This will lead to exclusion of SampleTest file for unit testing and will include NeedToVerify class file for unit testing even when it does not contains the test word in its name because it was mentioned in include element of configuration element in chúng tôi file.
Example of Maven SurefireGiven below is the example mentioned:
Begin by creating a new maven project.
Consider the following example where we have two methods, one for calculating product and other for division in the class named Arithmetic. Create a new java class file named Arithmetic.
public class Arithmetic { public intproduct(int number1, int number2) { return number1 * number2; } public intdivision(int number1, int number2) { return number1 / number2; } }This class file should be structured and located in the following way.
Now, we will create a test class named ArithmeticTest according to coding conventions the name of the testing class should be the name of the class which is being tested followed by the Test keyword. This will contain test methods whose naming convention is the name of the method being test prepended with test word. Hence, here are two testing methods named testProduct and testDivision.
Then select the methods you want to add in the test class file and mention the name of the test class file and the file being tested in the following window to create a test class file.
Code:
import org.junit.*; public class ArithmeticTest { @BeforeClass public static void setUpClass() { } @Before public void setUp() { } @Test public void testProduct() { Arithmetic arithmetic = new Arithmetic(); int number1 = 100; int number2 = 5; intactualvalue = arithmetic.product(number1, number2); intexpectedvalue = 500; assertEquals(expectedvalue, actualvalue); } @Test public void testDivision() { } @After public void tearDown() { } @AfterClass public static void tearDownClass() { } }Note that all the methods above that are annotated with BeforeClass, Before, After and AfterClass are optional. Only test methods are required in test classes. Each method has its specific purpose and the time when it is executed.
Maven’s chúng tôi will contain.
Code:
This file should be structured and present in the following way.
ConclusionWe can test the maven projects with the help of surefire plugin and we can perform unit testing for multiple test cases and with any of the underlying source directories content like Junit, POJO(Plain Old Java Object), TestNG.
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Netflix Is Testing A Tv
I have not used regular old cable TV in years, and I am fairly pleased with this selection.
However, if there is 1 thing that I miss about it is only being able to pick up the remote, flip through channels, and find something to see without even considering it. Netflix is contemplating bringing back that facet of TV.
Also read: The Top 10 Digital Process Automation (DPA) Tools
The test started rolling out November 5, and will roll out widely in the nation beginning December.
The business says it picked France since”at France, seeing conventional TV remains hugely popular with individuals who only need a’lean back’ encounter in the place where they do not need to select displays.”
Somewhat ironically, the attribute is not available on streaming apparatus, set-top boxes, or TVs using Netflix built-in — it is only reachable via browser to begin.
However, I would not be amazed to see such a characteristic appear in more areas and apparatus shortly.
For all its flaws, a similar attribute in NBC’s Peacock is just one of the greatest things about the ceremony, and consumers are not losing anything from having a station or two they could tune into without needing to pick something.
Keyword Driven Testing Framework With Example
Keyword Driven Framework
Keyword Driven Framework is a functional automation testing framework that divides test cases into four different parts in order to separate coding from test cases and test steps for better automation. Keyword driven testing framework divides the test cases as test steps, objects of test steps, actions on test steps and data for test objects for better understanding.
What is Keyword Driven Testing?
Keyword Driven Testing is a scripting technique that uses data files to contain the keywords related to the application being tested. These keywords describe the set of actions that is required to perform a specific step.
A keyword-driven test consists of high and low-level keywords, including the keyword arguments, which is composed to describe the action of a test case. It is also called table-driven testing or action word based testing.
For Example:
login to “guru99” website – Keyword “login” will be used in our automation framework, to the test the login function or action associated with it.
logout to “guru99” website— Keyword “logout” will be used in our automation framework, to test the logout function or action associated with it.
We will see some more example further in the article.
Example of keywords
Keywords
Description
Login
Login to guru99 bank demo site
Emails
Send Email
logouts
Log out from guru99 bank demo site
Notifications
Find unread notifications
In order to create a Keyword driven framework, you need following things
Excel Sheet– Identify the keywords and store them in an Excel sheet
Function Library– Function library consist of the function for the business flows ( login button for any website).So when test is executed, it will read the keyword from the Excel sheet and call the functions accordingly
Data Sheets– Data sheets is used to store the test data that will be used in the application
Object Repository– based on your keyword driven framework you can use an object repository
Test Scripts– Based on the design of your framework, you can have test scripts for each manual Test Case or a single driver script
Why do Keyword Driven TestingIn Software Engineering, Keyword Driven Testing is done due to following reason
Common components handled by standard library
Using this approach tests can be written in a more abstract manner
High degree of reusability
The detail of the script is hidden from the users
Users don’t have to use the scripting languages
The test is concise, maintainable and flexible
How to perform Keyword Driven TestingKeyword based testing can be done in both ways, manually as well as automated. But usually, it is used with automated testing.
The objective behind automating Keyword based testing is
It helps to reduce maintenance cost
Avoids duplicated specifications
Greater reuse of function scripting
Better testing support and portability
Achieve more testing with less or same effort
With keyword driven testing, you can create a simple functional tests in the earlier stages of development, testing the application piece-by-piece. The simplest way to compose keyword driven test is to record them. After recording, the test can be modified and customized as per the requirement.
Each keyword needs to be linked with atleast one command, test scripts or function, which implement the actions related to that keyword.
When test cases are executed, keywords are interpreted by a test library, which is called by a test automation framework.
The major activities involved in keyword driven testing are
Step 1. Identifying low level as well as high-level keywords
Step 2. Implementing the keywords as executable
Step 3. Creating test cases
Step 4. Creating the driver scripts
Step 5. Executing the automation test scripts
Tools used for Keyword Driven TestingFew tools which are extensively used for Keyword driven testing.
Advantages of Keyword Driven Testing
It allows functional testers to plan test automation before the application is ready
Tests can be developed without programming knowledge
It is not dependent on a specific programming language or tool
Compatible with any automation tools available in the market
Sample test cases
TC_01: Login to guru99 demo site, find out how many transactions is carried out today
TC_02: Login to guru99 demo site, send an email to one of your customer and then logout
TC_03: Login to guru99 demo site and check for any notification received
Summary:
A keyword-driven testing is a scripting technique that uses data files to contain the keywords related to the application being tested
A keyword-driven testing usually performed by automated testing.
Tests can be developed without programming knowledge
Tests are compatible with any automation tools available in the market
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