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In today’s busy schedules we need to rely upon the security keys for protecting the devices from any unwanted access.
Your network security key or Wi-Fi password allows you to gain access to the wiles network.
It establishes a connection between the wireless/network device and the user who is requesting for getting access.
But sometimes your computer may be asking for that specific key and you get throttled with what is my network security key!
We have shown a VIDEO walk through at the end of the post for easy solution.
Now let us study what are the common types of network security keys.
Wi-Fi Protected Access or WPA/WPA2 and Wired Equivalent Privacy or WEP are the most common ones.
When we are using some weak keys, the cyber criminals can easily get access to our stored data giving you serious troubles.
The WEP key is recommended for the devices using Wi-Fi. These keys act in a smarter way letting devices share encrypted messages in the meantime and denying access to decode or read them by any outsider.
They consist of numbers from 0-9 and alphabets from A to F and is generated automatically.
Depending upon the Web version, the length of a WEP key may consist of 10 or 26 or even 58 characters.
But one can easily crack these codes endangering the stored data and information.
These are much stronger than the WEP keys. You can easily obtain the WPA password from the net-owner. It is printed on the side of the Wi-Fi router you are using.
These are used mainly by businessmen to ensure more security measures.
Now let us see how to find the security key. Have a look!
Check the side of the router you are using. It will have a sticker consisting of the Wireless Network’s Name, or SSID, along with the Wireless Security Key Password.
This password is your network security key. As I have stated above it has a combination of numbers and alphabets.
In case you are having a Wi-Fi connection to your computer, and you fail to remember the password, then you can access it by opening the settings of the Computer.
Follow the steps mentioned below in case your Computer is already connected to a Wi-Fi network.
For Windows
In case you are using Windows 10, then here is a detailed guide to find out your security key from the settings. Follow the given steps:
Step 1: First of all, press Win+R to open the Run command box and then enter chúng tôi in the box.
Step 2: When you hit the OK button, you will be led to the Network Connections options.
Step 3: Make sure that you are connected to your Wi-Fi network.
Step 5: Now move on to the Security tab as I have shown below.
Now, this is going you reveal to you the network security key Windows 10.
Use Command Prompt To Find Your Wi-Fi Password
Follow the below mentioned steps to find the Wi-Fi password with the help of Command Prompt.
Step 1: First of all, go to the Start option and then type CMD in the box and open an elevated Command Prompt.
Step 2: Next enter the following command and hit the Enter button:
netsh wlan show profile
Step 3: Now a list of the WLAN profiles will get displayed and you may choose the network name accordingly.
Step 4: Next enter the below mention command that will reveal the password for a specific Wi-Fi connection.
netsh wlan show profile “Name of the Wi-Fi” key=clear
Now this is going to successfully reveal the network security key for a specific Wi-Fi connection.
For your Mac follow the procedure mentioned below if you are confused with how do I find my network security key.
Step 3: Now choose the Show Password option and here enter the Mac password for revealing the network security key.
The hackers or cyber-criminals can easily access the password if you are having a weak password.
In case you have selected the WPA or WPA2 key, then make sure it is stronger.
You should establish the limit of how much you should write down the password.
You must change the passwords and security keys after every six months for your safety measures.
Also, make sure that you are not creating anything easy to find, such as the name of the family members or their birthdays. Create something complicated instead.
The firewalls you use, act as a virtual wall, and restricts to allow the intruders. The antivirus software scans the files for any malware or virus attack.
You must use antivirus software on your computer whenever you get a new system for protecting against some internal threats.
Both antivirus software and firewalls protect your network and always remember to update them at the first chance you get.
There are always the latest versions available ad updating them will ensure you some sort of protection from the attacks.
The cyber-criminals are always ready to hack your information if there is any security gap.
They are always ready to hack your personal information. There are also auto-updates available.
You can easily set for an auto-update when you are not using your PC, maybe in the late hours of the night. This will ensure you automatic protection even if you forget to do the task manually.
So, there you are! Hope the article has helped you to seek an answer to your what is my network security key.
If you have any more ideas or suggestions related to this topic, please feel free to use the dedicated section below.
You can also shoot us a mail if you have any further queries. We always look forward to hearing from you.
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What Is Home Area Network (Han)?
A Home Area Network (HAN) is a kind of computer network it allows communication among various devices within a home. It provides the ability to connect and communicate between various devices in a house using different communication protocols.
In this article, we will discuss more about what a Home Area Network is & how it works.
What is a Home Area Network?It is a kind of computer network that enables communication between various devices inside a home. It is called a “Home Area Network” (HAN)
It is made up of several devices. These devices are linked together to create a network. So the devices include laptops, game consoles, cell phones, personal computers & other smart devices.
Users can share resources like printers, scanners, and internet connectivity using the HAN, which can be connected or wireless.
How Does a Home Area Network Work?A home area network allows devices to connect by using various communication protocols. These protocols include Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth & Zigbee.
These gadgets are linked to a router or central hub, which acts as the primary communication channel. The hub or router receives data from each device and then forwards it to the appropriate destination device.
In a wired HAN, the devices are connected to the hub or router using cables. While in the case of wireless HAN, a radio signal is enough to establish communication between devices. In both cases, the hub or router plays a critical role in managing the communication between devices.
Components of a Home Area NetworkThe main components of a Home Area Network include −
Devices − These are the several electronic gadgets that are linked to the HAN, including mobile phones, laptops, gaming systems, and smart devices.
Hub/Router − This is the central device that manages the communication between all the devices connected to the HAN. It receives data from each device and forwards it to the appropriate destination device.
Communication Protocols − You can find many different communication protocols that the devices use to communicate within themself. Some of the most communication protocols are Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth & Zigbee.
Network Interface Cards (NICs) − These are hardware devices that facilitate appliances to connect with a network. They provide a physical connection between the device and the network cable.
Network Switches − These are devices that help with connecting multiple devices. It all happens within a wired network. They are responsible for directing data traffic between devices and can provide faster speeds than a router.
Access Points − These are devices that are used to extend a wireless network’s coverage area. It enables wireless devices to connect to the network. It can also provide a stable & reliable connection. Access points can be used to create a mesh network. Here multiple access points are in use to extend the network coverage over a large area.
Advantages of Home Area Network?You can find several benefits of having a Home Area Network. These benefits include −
Convenience − A HAN provides convenience by allowing users to share resources, such as printers and internet connectivity, between devices.
Security − A HAN can be secured using various encryption and authentication methods to prevent unauthorized access to the network.
Automation − A HAN can enable automation by allowing users to control smart devices, such as thermostats, lighting, and security systems, from a central hub.
Remote Access − HANs can enable remote access to devices on the network, allowing users to access files and resources from anywhere with an internet connection. This can be especially useful for remote workers or those who travel frequently.
Entertainment − HANs can provide a seamless entertainment experience by enabling the streaming of music, movies, and other multimedia content to various devices in the home.
Energy Savings − HANs can enable energy savings by allowing users to monitor and control energy usage in the home. It can be done by controlling smart devices. The smart devices include devices such as thermostats, lighting & appliances. It is to reduce energy consumption when not needed. By doing so, HANs can help reduce energy bills and contribute to a more sustainable environment.
Increased Home Security − HANs can enhance home security by enabling the integration of security systems, such as cameras, alarms, and door locks. With a HAN, homeowners can monitor and control these systems remotely, receiving alerts and notifications in case of any security breaches. This can provide peace of mind and added protection for the home and its occupants.
ConclusionIn conclusion, a Home Area Network is a type of computer network that enables communication among various devices within a home. It provides the ability to connect and communicate between various devices in a house using different communication protocols. The HAN can be wired or wireless. This system enables users to share resources, such as printers, scanners & internet connectivity.
What The Heck Is A Quantum Network?
You’re almost certainly reading this story on an electronic device that operates, at its most basic level, with bits built from silicon-based transistors. In the non-quantum world, what scientists call the “classical” world, each of those bits holds a single number: a zero or a one.
Quantum devices use their own quantum bits, or “qubits” (pronounced like “Q-bits”), which play by the rules of quantum mechanics. That allows qubits to act in weird and wondrous ways. A qubit can, for instance, hold both zero and one at the same time.
A quantum network can transmit these curious qubits: for example, photons, which scientists can send through the fiber-optic lines that underpin the classical internet.
These networks, still in the experimental stage, serve to link quantum devices together. “Now that quantum computers are really starting to be built, people are really starting to think more seriously about networking them,” says Christoph Simon, a researcher specializing in quantum optics at the University of Calgary.
[Related: In photos: a rare glimpse inside the heart of a quantum computer]
It’s already hard to build a quantum computer, and it’s even harder to make quantum computers bigger. “So one way to scale up the processing power would be to entangle several networked quantum computers to create a single ‘super’ quantum computer,” says Oliver Slattery, a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
But the original (and best-known) use of quantum networks is to create connections that are—in theory—far more inscrutable than anything on the highly fallible classical internet.
You can use that to encrypt information. Suppose you want to send a message to your spy friend in the next city over. The both of you would each receive one of a pair of entangled photons. Measuring those photons’ states would give both you and your colleague a unique key, which you could use to encrypt a message, and which your friend could in turn use to decrypt it.
If somebody tried to tap in for the key, that very act would influence the photons, and you’d know. “You can’t eavesdrop and make measurements on the channel without people being able to detect that,” says Nathalie de Leon, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Princeton University. “Also, you can’t just intercept and copy the information.”
You can’t copy a qubit thanks to another quantum quirk called the “no-cloning principle.” But that very principle is also a quantum network’s fatal flaw. If you send a qubit down a line, then it can only go so far before it fades. In the classical internet, you can simply forward that information along. But that won’t fly in the quantum world, because you can’t copy a qubit.
As a result, current quantum networks can only send qubits a few kilometers away. That means if you send qubits through fiber right now, you can’t do it at a scale larger than a city.
“Being able to do anything at longer distances requires fundamentally new technologies,” says de Leon. There are shortcuts, but those aren’t necessarily secure. They’re like relaying your message via middlemen—and you can’t always trust middlemen.
It’s also possible to avoid fiber entirely and send a qubit across what researchers call “free space”—literally the open air. It’s like flashing a light from one mountaintop to another. You need to physically see the other side, making it impractical for most cases. And it’s prone to atmospheric interference.
But it does work in the vacuum of space. That’s what allowed the Chinese satellite QUESS to “teleport” a qubit from orbit to the ground in 2023. It’s slow and not especially efficient, but the scientists behind QUESS (and the Chinese government) hope that the technology could form the basis for a quantum satellite network.
[Related: Quantum teleportation is real, but it’s not what you think]
As impressive as the accomplishment is, de Leon says it builds on existing work. “It was a very important demonstration … and I think we do learn a lot as a community,” she says. “But everything that they did, you could have written down ten years ago, fifteen years ago.”
Still, that’s where some scientists are turning their attention, building ground stations to receive qubits from space. QUESS soon won’t be alone: Another satellite, QEYSSat, will be stewarded by a number of scientists from Canadian institutions, including Christoph Simon.
“We are in the process of determining what’s possible and reasonable,” says Simon. “Frankly, we are thinking about the next [satellite].”
So could all these links eventually evolve into a “quantum internet”? After all, today’s classical internet began as a fledgling network of connections spindled between labs and universities.
There’s a fair distance to go before that can happen, and more than a few technical conundrums to overcome along the way. Quantum computers need to run at ultra-cold temperatures, for instance, barely above absolute zero. But most fiber-optic cables don’t run at ultra-cold temperatures. So any linkage between the two needs to overcome the temperature difference.
But perhaps the biggest challenge is that nobody agrees on what to actually build a quantum network from. Today’s quantum networks largely use relatively simplistic equipment. Moving forward, scientists are trying to build more sophisticated nodes that could use quantum trickery, get around the no-cloning principle, and make longer quantum networks.
“We haven’t … identified the thing that’s like the silicon-based transistor,” says de Leon.
Some researchers want to read qubits by trapping them in rubidium vapor. Others want to do something similar with a cage of magnets and lasers. De Leon’s group wants to use something (literally) brilliant: diamonds. A type of imperfection in diamonds called the “nitrogen-vacancy center” can act as a sort of quantum memory.
“The basic unit is still up for grabs,” says de Leon.
Until fundamental issues like these are sorted out, then quantum networks will, for the most part, remain lab-bound. And as curious as quantum networks might be, it’s unlikely they’ll fully replace the Internet anytime soon.
“It is almost certain that classical networks will need to run alongside quantum networks to make them usable in a practical sense,” says Slattery.
When My Site Is Down, What I Do?
It’s probably not your fault either, but here you are about saving someone’s bacon. What can you do here
Is the Website Actually Down?This might be obvious, and also a means to toot our own horn, but in SolarWinds® Pingdom® we’ve uptime tracking –your very first line of defense. Since Pingdom is using over 70 worldwide test servers, it’s possible to really get an external perspective on your site –which beats clean your browser, like a monster. Within a moment, Pingdom will confirm if your site is down or not.
If the site is down, be certain that you sit up straight and continue reading. Oh, also it would be suitable to pinch the bridge of your nose and simmer for several seconds–if nothing else than for result. Let your colleagues know you are important.
Related: – 12 Must Have Features for Your Website
Figure Out What the Problem IsA Lot of things can Violate a Web Site, but Generally, It Is Going to be more of the following reasons:
Code error
DNS problem
Networking issues
Server issues with your web host
From the Pingdom awake, you will get the main reason behind your own toaster. It is time to check at a few of the most frequent reasons sites return.
HTTP Error 403: Your petition was legitimate, but the host is threatening actions. You may not have the required permissions for a source or might require a consideration of some type.
Packet Loss: This is a system error that may be related to damaged hardware such as a server, network congestion, or another hardware/network capacity bottleneck.
HTTP Error 503: Indicates the hosting isn’t accessible due to scheduled maintenance or due to a temporary overload in visitors. This will probably require support from the hosting provider or your operations staff.
HTTP Error 500: The 500 Internal Server Error is a really typical HTTP status code which means something has gone wrong on the site’s server, however the host couldn’t be more specific on exactly what the specific problem is.
Redirection Error: That really is a 301 or 302 gone poor and happens when you attempt and do a redirect to a HTTPS URL, but the SSL certification for this URL does not match the domain name.
The Pingdom reside map permits you to observe the condition of the net live since it occurs, from the number of outages we have discovered in the previous hour and many frequent error messages into what browsers and devices Web users are employing. Additionally, this is a remarkably useful tool when important outages happen from hosting and CDN suppliers.
Related: – 5 killer Tips make Your WordPress Website more Impressive
Use Your Monitoring Data as Leverage With Your Hosting ProviderMany hosting companies will not be upfront about website issues if you don’t have evidence to back this up. When there’s absolutely no reported status difficulty with your supplier, now you can file a support ticket and also utilize all of the appropriate monitoring data you need from a different third party to prove you’ve got problems.
The earlier you know about a issue, the sooner you are able to repair it. Conversely, if you do not know about a issue, you can not mend it.
Communicate With Your Users Via a Status PageWe can’t overstate the value of this step. Transparency inspires dedication, therefore please think about having a public status pageyour customers will thank you for this. A public standing page is a excellent way to keep users at the loop of everything you are doing at this time and will decrease the influence on your customer care team. And you do have two minutes to log in and upgrade your public status webpage.
Get a people status page. Hey you’ve one through Pingdom, or in the event that you’d like you can attempt Atlassian Statuspage, SorryApp, or even Cachet.
Update your status webpage with your applicable status for example’exploring’,’continuing’, and’solved’.
Update Twitter together with the continuing issue and connect to a status page.
Ensure that you trap this tweet so that it remains clearly observable. In this way, your customers can see you are alert to the problems and follow upgrades on the webpage. You shouldn’t ever (need to) copy and paste the identical conversation over and over to anyone who requests what’s happening.
Many standing pages provide users a means to subscribe to upgrades, so once an issue is solved your users will find an email notifying them it is all system proceed.
Related: – 5 Simple Ways to Optimize Your Website for Lead Generation
Conclusion: Wrap UpIn this guide, we just touched onto the surface of everything you could do, and being on the watch for if something goes belly up. But, we just covered a very small subset of items you can perform. If you are a part of a SRE staff somewhere, odds are you are knee-deep from the Apache or even Nginx server, then palms sore from composing orders.
Consider website tracking as cheap insurance from embarrassingly long downtimes. Heck, look at it because your private watchdog which will bark everywhere there’s an problem with your site. Just this puppy speaks and assists you as a site owner to purge, and helps maintain your internet host fair.
What Ram Is Compatible With My Pc Motherboard
Have you finally realized you need more RAM? Or did you figure out your current RAM sticks are faulty after a diagnosis?
Or you’re a new PC builder, and choosing the correct RAM means you will have to decide on the capacity, type, price, timing specifications, and profile height. I’m here to help you navigate the not-so-difficult path to finding the perfect RAM modules for your PC.
What type of RAM do I need (DDR2, DDR3, or DDR4)?
How much RAM do I need?
What is the maximum supported RAM frequency by my motherboard?
What is the maximum RAM capacity supported by my motherboard?
How much clearance is available for heatsinks on the RAM in my Casing?
The most accepted and easy method in choosing the appropriate RAM for your computer is to look inside your motherboard’s manufacturer’s manual. This user manual lists all of the specifications of memory that it can support.
If you don’t have this manual, see the motherboard manufacturer’s website for this information. Typically, most of the vendors have a list called Qualified Vendor List (QVL) of RAM modules with timings, frequencies, and model numbers to exactly know what RAM sticks to search for your computer.
For laptops, manufacturers offer a user manual or service manual to the end-user. The user manual lists specifications for the replacement of all parts on the laptop. Again, also see the manufacturer’s website if you do not have this information.
Adding RAM to a PC is easily one of the best ways to increase your system’s performance. RAM can increase speed, productivity and boost your PC, old or new.
However, memory compatibility issues due to two or more different RAM sticks can cause various issues like BSOD, instability, etc. So, in most use cases, I suggest you buy a new dual-channel DDRx kit, having 2 sticks of RAM that are guaranteed to be identical.
The older RAM sticks can be discarded, since, even two slow sticks will degrade the newer faster RAM sticks’ performance, assuming you have 4 RAM slots to use both kits at the same time. (Kit meaning 2 sticks of identical RAM modules)
You can also go the hard way and find a module (or two) that matches your current RAM sticks’ timings, capacity, clock-speed sufficiently closely. Mismatching different timings and specifications will firstly result in performance degradation to the slowest RAM stick and can cause instability issues.
The other downside of upgrading older PC’s RAM is the cost. If you wanted to upgrade to 8GB more RAM, you will pay around $179 for DDR2. You would only pay around $27 for DDR3. If you were upgrading to DDR4, it would cost about $60.
As you can see, there is a steep price difference between older RAM and DDR3 and DDR4. If your system is running well otherwise and you don’t want to invest in all new components, go get cheaper DDR3 or DDR4, it might be a less expensive choice overall.
So, even though a RAM upgrade feels small, the costs of the older generation are usually very inflated due to supply shortages. After a product reaches EOL, the only products in circulation are either remaining supply or refurbished parts from the Used PC market.
Please take this into consideration, if your PC only supports 2 generations older DDR memory than the current market technology. I would not recommend you a RAM upgrade of a DDR1 or DDR2 memory even for small prices, since, there is no guarantee of a working fresh module.
One thing to remember when you install the RAM sticks is that when you install more than 2 RAM sticks, you’ll need to know which order to insert each RAM stick. This is part of the compatibility factor in that if you install them in the wrong order, they won’t function optimally.
The specific slots that will need to be filled in sequential order, for more than 2 sticks of RAM is usually properly depicted in your motherboard’s user manual (and sometimes even on the motherboard itself).
Basically, this is all you should need to find which RAM modules available are compatible with your computer and install them correctly on your PC. However, if you want to know more about the technicalities of RAM modules, and make an even smarter decision, read on further below.
Today, many machines still use DDR3, which has been standard in PCs since 2007 and is still widely sold. RAM form factors differ with each generation.
Each generation change such as “DDR3 to DDR4“, changes its form factor so it is not possible to accidentally insert the incorrect RAM into the slot.
One important reason for this is that electronic specifications change with each generation, such as DDR4’s lower voltages compared to DDR3’s. The voltage variations could cause serious damage to the RAM or other peripherals.
There are several ways to identify the differences between DDR3 and DDR4. The easiest of them is the sticker that is on the RAM itself. If there is a sticker on the RAM, it should provide information about your installed type.
If the sticker is not present or does not provide this information and you cannot install the programs mentioned above. Look at the voltage of the RAM using your motherboard BIOS. The table below shows the voltage comparison of all RAM form factors from SDRAM to the cutting-edge new DDR5.
DDR SDRAM StandardInternal Rate(MHz)Bus Clock(MHz)Release YearData Rate(MT/s)Transfer Rate(MB/s)Voltage(V)
SDRAM100-166100-1661998100-166566-16003.3
DDR133-200133-2002000200-5661600-32002.5/2.6
DDR2133-200266-4002003400-10663200-85331.8
DDR3133-200533-8002007800-21336400-170661.35/1.5
DDR4133-2001066-160020141600-320012800-256001.2
DDR5200-4001600-320020233200-640025600-512001.1
There are quite a few third party apps easily available on the web for displaying the component specifications of your computer. For example, AIDA64/ CPUZ / HWinfo all work fine for checking what RAM does your PC has currently, and more. Most motherboard BIOS also shows limited information on this.
By using Speccy, we can see the memory type as DDR3. We can see there is a total of 16GB of Dual-Channel RAM.
The speed or frequency of the RAM is 797.8MHz. Since this computer uses Dual-Channel RAM, the speed is doubled, making the total speed around 1600MHz.
We can also see how many memory slots are available on the motherboard and your memory usage.
The small form factor RAM or SO-DIMM (Small Outline – Dual In-Line Memory Module) RAM is the one used in laptops. The difference in SO-DIMM laptop RAM is its physical size. SO-DIMM is much smaller at 2 ½ to 3 inches in length.
Desktop RAM or DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) DDR3 and DDR4 are both approximately 5 ¼ inches. The other difference is that Laptop DDR4 (SO-DIMM) has 260 pins where Desktop DDR4 (DIMMs) has 288 pins.
Laptop DDR3 (SO-DIMM) has 204 pins whereas the desktop DDR3 has 240 pins. Other variations of SO-DIMM and DDR can be seen in the chart below.
Memory TypeDIMMSO-DIMM
SDR Memory TypeDIMM 168 pinsSO-DIMM 100/144 pins
DDR Memory TypeDIMM 184 pinsSO-DIMM 200 pin
DDR2 Memory TypeDIMM 240 pinsSO-DIMM 200 pin
DDR3 Memory TypeDIMM 240 pinsSO-DIMM 204 pin
DDR4 Memory TypeDIMM 288 pinsSO-DIMM 260 pin
Now we are going to start getting a little bit more technical. Each RAM module has two memory timing specifications that you want to look for. One spec is the frequency or the number of times something happens over a set period.
This is the bus speed of a DDR RAM module. You usually see this depicted as 2133 MHz, 2666MHz, 3000MHz, etc. in dual channel DDR3, DDR4 modules’ descriptions.
The second spec you want to look at is latency, which is how long it takes to catch up. These two specifications are important if you are looking to get the most out of your RAM purchase.
In the image above, you will see a series of numbers (CL 11-11-1-28) that define the latency of your RAM module. The series of numbers start with CAS (Column Access Strobe) Latency or CL usually.
CAS is the time that it takes for your RAM to start responding to a request. This number depends on the number of clock cycles which is the frequency of 1600 MHz for this example.
The second number contains the tRCD (the Row to Column Delay). These numbers indicate the time it takes to search each row to find the column of the data it is searching for and stored.
The third number is the tRP (the Row Precharge). The Row Precharge defines the necessary time it takes for the RAM to open a new row.
The fourth and final number is tRAS (the Row Active Time). The Row Active Time is the minimum number of clock cycles that a row must stay open to ensure that information is read or written correctly.
This number should be greater or equal to the total of all other numbers listed above (CAS + tRCD + tRP = tRAS).
Knowing all the above, aim for the ideal combination of:
lowest timings, especially the CL (first number of the sequence)
highest frequency (rated stock speed of the module)
lowest voltage
lowest price
compatiblity with your motherboard (Qualified Vendor List of each motherboard or QVL)
If your system doesn’t have enough memory, it will attempt to use your hard disk drive to help reduce the workload. This process utilizes Windows virtual memory (pagefile) or paging. Every time you open applications that the RAM on your machine can’t handle, it transfers the program to the pagefile.
The bad thing about paging is that it can overwork the hard drive. When your system doesn’t have enough RAM, your hard drive will be working overtime trying to keep up with all of the processes.
Not only is this process much slower than a normal RAM process, but it can also cause memory allocation errors and hardware failures due to the increased read, write, and re-write on the hard disk drive.
However, in our experience, 8GB is the minimum, and we recommend a perfect 16GB of RAM for gaming/media consumption/streaming, and 32GB for video editing, content creation and content manipulation.
4GB of RAM barely even makes it for basic browsing in the Windows environment, circa 2023. Linux is different and could work with this much RAM, not smoothly but better than Windows.
Another thing to consider is your processor’s architecture. If you are using a 32bit (x86) OS, it will not utilize more than 4GB of RAM. However, if you have a 64bit Operating System (x64), you can utilize much more depending on your maximum motherboard specifications.
I should also mention that some CPU chip makers, such as Intel, limit the RAM frequencies based on the type of processor.
With so many manufactures of RAM out there, you may be wondering which one you should purchase. The rule of thumb is always to choose a well-known, trusted supplier for any PC component.
Many Memory vendors exist and provide excellent quality products. A lot has to do with personal preference, availability, aesthetic value, price, and warranty offers.
Some very prominent RAM vendors are Crucial, Corsair, G.Skill, Kingston, Transcend, ADATA, Apacer, etc. It is very important to do your homework, utilize all of the information in this guide to make a sound decision on a quality product that will provide you with the speed and performance you require.
Complete Guide On Tensorflow Federated
Introduction to TensorFlow Federated
Hadoop, Data Science, Statistics & others
This article will try to understand tensorflow federated, how we can use it, its Model, characteristics, computation API, and finally conclude our view.
What is TensorFlow federated?The framework helps you perform machine learning on completely decentralized data. We train the models that are shared globally and include the clients participating in placing their data for training locally. One of the examples which will be helpful to understand where we make the use of tensorflow federation is for the training of keyboard prediction model on mobile phones and making sure at the same time that the sensitive and secured data is not being uploaded on the data server.
The developers can use and include Federated learning algorithms in their data and models. At the same time, the novel algorithms are available and open for any experimentation for the developers. Therefore, the people performing the research on this can find ample examples and the point where they can start for various experiment topics. Federated analytics is the computation that is non-learning based and can be implemented using the interface of tensorflow federated.
How and where to use TensorFlow federated?We can make the use of federated learning in various ways that include –
By using FC API, design and create new federated learning algorithms.
Assisting the development and optimization of computation structures that are generated.
Apply the APIs of the federated learning to the models of TensorFlow that exist currently.
Integrate the Tensorflow Federated framework with other environments of development.
You can make use of it by following the below steps –
Installation of TFF –
This can be done by opening the terminal or command prompt and typing in the following command for execution –
pip install tensorflow-federated –upgrade
Create a notebook and import the package and other dependencies.
Prepare the dataset for simulation.
The data should be of NIST or MNIST format and is by default provided when you go for creating a leaf project.
Make the use of federated data to train the Model.
After that, you can train the Model and make it aware of various functionalities that it should perform and be aware as you do with any of the TensorFlow models.
Print the summarized information about the implementation of tensorflow federated.
Finally, you can print out the machine learning tensorflow federated model results.
TensorFlow federated ModelThe two models used in TensorFlow federated FL API are tff.learning.Model and create_keras_model().
TensorFlow federated characteristicsThe main characteristics are listed below –
Effort saving – Whenever any developer approaches to create a learning system of federated, the pain points where the developers mostly face the problem are targeted here, and the platform of tensorflow federated is designed keeping the mitigations of those points in mind for the convenience of developers. The challenges faced by most of the developers include local and global communication perspectives, logic interleaving of various types, and execution and construction order tension.
Architecture agnostic – It can compile the whole code and provide the representation of the same in an abstract way, which facilitates the developer to deploy its Model acrModel diverse environment.
Availability of many extensions – Quantization, compression, and differential privacy are some of the extensions available in Tensorflow Federated.
TensorFlow federated Computation APIThere are two types of computation APIs, which are described below –
Federated Core API, also known as FC –
The low-level interface used at the system’s core part is included in this API. Federated algorithms can be concisely expressed along with the combination of TensorFlow using this API. It also consists of a functional programming environment that is typed strongly and includes the distributed operators for communication. This API layer is the base over which we have created the building of federated learning.
Federated Learning API, referred to as FL –
The developers can include the evaluation and federated training models to the existing models of TensorFlow by using the high-level interfaces provided in this federated learning API layer.
Conclusion Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to TensorFlow Federated. Here we discuss the Introduction, How and where to use TensorFlow federated, and Examples with code implementation. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
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